There are some large black holes in the Universe we know, the size is billions of times more massive than the Sun. However, only little is known about how these monsters form, and grow so big. The telescope and the latest techniques to give a new way to work through it.
Located in the heart of the star constellation Delphinus shaped like a dolphin and Pegasus the flying horse, a vortex right pinwheel hover in space.
For billions of years, the arms of the spiral belongs to the galaxy of UCG 11700 spinning peacefully, undisturbed by the collision and merging of objects in outer space that is changing the shape of the other galaxies.
Spiral galaxies such as UCG 11700 it is nice to see, but something terrible is lurking in the centre of the vortex.
In the middle of the wheel of the cosmos, this gorgeous, dwells one of the most mysterious in the universe — a supermassive black hole (supermassive black hole).
The size of the black hole that standard usually ranges from about four times the mass of the Sun. Meanwhile, the supermassive black hole, could be millions, even billions, of times greater.
Scientists believe that all large galaxies have a supermassive black hole at the core of the galaxy. But nobody knows, why that is so.
This is where the UCG 11700 proven to be very beneficial.
“The galaxy is ideal for my research is a spiral galaxy is the most beautiful, most perfect, can You imagine,” said Becky Smethurst, junior researcher at Oxford University who studies supermassive black holes.
“Galaxies are the prettiest can help us solve the mystery of how black holes appeared.”
How are black holes created?
Learn something, naturally so dense that not even light can escape it, it is very difficult.
However the latest techniques that search for the effect caused by the black hole-black hole on an object-the object space in the vicinity, also examined the ripples they cause in the structure of space and time, providing a new clue.
There is a little secret about the formation and growth of black holes conventional.
Dying stars run out of energy, exploding in a supernova, ingested by itself, and then be very solid until the light even if I wasn’t able to escape from its gravity.
The idea of this black hole has been there for decades and is predicted in the Theory of General Relativity belonging to Albert Einstein.
In pop culture, the black hole depicted the darkness and always hungry. They slide across the Universe while sucking anything they’ve been through, and growing, getting larger because of it.
Because of this portrayal, people think of a supermassive black hole is a kind of most the old and most hungry.
In fact, black holes don’t semengerikan it.
They’re actually not too efficient in mengakresi (the jargon of physics to “suck”) of the material around them, even in the galactic core which is solid.
In fact, the stars are destroyed grow into a great with a very, very slow, they might not be able to become a supermassive only by sucking material-new material.
“Let’s just say the stars are the first to form a black hole about 200 million years after the Big Bang,” said Smethurst.
“After they are destroyed, they need about 13.5 billion years to grow into a black hole with a mass billion times that of the Sun. It is too short a time to become of it, if only by accretion.”
The more confusing, supermassive black hole was already there when the Universe was still very young.
Quasars-quasars far, one of the objects of the cosmos of which the brightest in the sky, is actually a supermassive black hole which is very old, the burning core of the galaxy that has been dead.
Some quasars giant has existed at least since the Universe was 670 million years — the same time with the formation of a number of galaxies the most old.
Even though the center of the black hole until now unknown, supermassive black holes can shine brighter than the segalaksi the stars, and can even issued a “burp” in the form of ultraviolet radiation on swallowing the material around them.
The black hole has a limitation curved named Horizon Incident (the Event Horizon). Inside stylebook it, light, energy, and material is trapped and can’t escape.
Time and space have different rules there, so the laws of physics that explain most of the workings of the Universe don’t apply there.
However, just outside the Event Horizon, the black hole spin can snatch the nearby material into a disc that spins and heats up.
Disc-disc in quasars can reach a temperature of higher than 10 million Celsius, making them able to release the light that shines blinds in the whole electromagnetic spectrum.
“Black holes are the most effective, and efficient, in the Universe,” said Marta Volonteri, researchers of the black hole at the l’institut d’Astrophysique de Paris.
“They change mass into energy with an efficiency of 40 percent. If You think of anything we burn the carbon, or chemical energy, or even what happened to the stars- that’s the equivalent of a part which is very very little of what is produced by the black hole.”
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