Have you ever heard of uterine fibroids?, or someone close to you has. Actually, what is uterine fibroids? Is it dangerous? Come on, read the following explanation so you are not confused anymore.
Myoma is a growth of mass or flesh in the uterus or outside the uterus that is not malignant. Myomas originate from smooth muscle cells found in the uterus and in some cases also originate from the smooth muscle of the uterine blood vessels. The number and size of myomas varies, sometimes one or more are found.
In general, fibroids are located on the uterine wall and protrude into the endometrial cavity or uterine surface. In fact, there is a chance that you may have one or more myomas. However, most women do not know when they have this condition because it often causes no symptoms.
As many as 20% of myoma cases appear in reproductive age or childbearing age, which are usually found incidentally during routine examinations. Meanwhile, as many as 40-50% of asymptomatic myoma cases are found in women aged 35 years.
Myomas can be said to be the cause of fertility problems in as many as 27% of women. Myomas can cause miscarriage and are one of the biggest reasons for surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy).
About 5% to 10% of fertility problems in women usually also experience uterine myomas or uterine fibroids. Its size and location determine whether it can affect fertility. For example, when myoma is in the uterine cavity, very large (diameter > 6 cm) or is in the uterine wall. Therefore, it is possible for women with fibroids to experience infertility.
Myomas can become malignant, and the condition is known as leiomyosarcoma. Even so, the possibility of myoma becoming malignant is quite small. Myomas can cause complications in the form of torsion or twisting, which can cause acute circulatory disturbances, resulting in tissue death.
Causes of uterine fibroids
The cause of myoma is still unknown, although heredity also allows a person to contract myoma. Some studies suggest that each myoma arises from a single solitary neoplasm (malignant cell) located between the myometrial smooth muscle or smooth muscle in the uterus.
Actually, myoma growth is closely related to the hormone estrogen. Myomas show maximum growth during the reproductive period, when estrogen production is high. Therefore, fibroids tend to enlarge when you are pregnant and shrink when you enter menopause.
The following are some factors that must be observed in connection with the growth of myomas:
• Hormones. The hormone estrogen is said to have a role in the formation of myomas.
• Age of the patient. Most women experience fibroids in their 40s.
• Diets. Increased consumption of red meat is believed to increase the risk of fibroids. Conversely, consumption of green vegetables can reduce the risk.
• Pregnancy. Women who have had children are less likely to develop fibroids.
• Smoking. This habit can increase the risk of myoma.
• Menstruation. Women who get their first period before the age of 10 years tend to be more prone to fibroids.
• Family history. If women have a family who suffers from fibroids, then the risk of developing fibroids increases 2.5 times compared to those who do not have a lineage of fibroids.
• Weight. A study says that women have a 21% chance of suffering from fibroids for every 10 kg gain
Symptoms of uterine myoma
In general, fibroids do not cause symptoms that are easily noticed. However, some common symptoms that can be felt include:
• Stomach feels full and enlarged.
• Menstruation in large quantities.
• Chronic pelvic pain that persists and does not go away. Pain can occur during menstruation, after sexual intercourse, or when there is pressure on the pelvis. This pain occurs because of the twisting of the fibrous myoma, the dilation of the cervix due to the pressure of the myoma, or the cell death of the myoma.
• Urinary disturbances.
Occurs due to the large size of the myoma then presses the urinary tract, causing frequent urination.
• Constipation.
This symptom occurs because the size of the myoma presses the lower part of the large intestine, which makes it difficult to defecate.
• Myoma discharge through the cervix. Usually accompanied by symptoms of severe pain that causes sores, and there is a possibility of infection.
• Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
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