Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country that is rich in natural resources, diverse cultures, religions, languages, and the potential to be developed, one of which is the wealth of traditional music. Indonesia has music that no other inhabitants of the earth have, the music is unique, has advantages, is pleasant to play, is friendly to nature and is recognized by the world.
Traditional music is also music that developed traditionally among certain tribes, originating from various regions, including Indonesia. Born and developed in a certain area and passed down from generation to generation. Its existence uses the language, style and traditions of the local area.
Unfortunately, in this modern era, traditional music is starting to be forgotten because it is considered not modern and outdated. As young people of the nation’s next generation, it is very important for us to know traditional music. At least know the traditional music from the area where we live.
It’s a shame if we waste the local potential that we already have. So that we can become one of the young people who love local wealth, what’s wrong with getting to know traditional music from Betawi which is currently the place where we live. Because if we don’t pay attention, who will?
Xylophone Kromong
The name of Gambang Kromong music is taken from the names of musical instruments, namely Gambang and Kromong. Besides Gambang and Kromong, other musical instruments are: kongahyan, tehyah, sukong, drum, kempul, gong, gong six, kecrek, and ningnong.
Generally, Gambang Kromong accompanies Lenong and Cokek Dance performances. Actually, Gambang Kromong can perform independently. This means performing to bring instrumental and vocal songs.
Xylophone Rancag
Gambang Rancag consists of two elements, namely: Gambang and Rancag. Gambang means the accompanying music and Rancag is the story he tells.
Gambang Rancag means a song that tells Betawi folklore in the form of a related rhyme. Gambang Rancag generally performs good plays, such as: Si Pitung, Si Jampang, Si Angkri, and others. The special thing is that the plays were turned into related rhymes. The master play which is composed into a related rhyme is performed or sung by two people in turn. Same with replying to rhymes.
Furthermore, the Keroncong Tugu musical instrument was added with a flute, violin, tambourine, mandolin, cello, kempul, and triangle (iron triangle). In the past, he often sang songs with melancholic rhythms, expanded with rhyme rhythms, stambul rhythms, Malay rhythms, keroncong styles, and Javanese styles.
Tanjidor
Tanjidor’s music is heavily influenced by Dutch music. The musical instruments consist of clarinet, peston, trombone, tenor, bass, drum and drum (bedug). The songs that were sung included: Battalion, Kramton, Bananas, Delsi, Was Tak-tak, Welmes, Cakranegara. The title of the song smells Dutch even with Betawi words.
Tanjidor’s songs were added by performing Betawi songs such as: Jali-Jali, Surilang, Sirih Kuning, Kicir-Kicir, Cente Manis, Stambul, and Persi.
Rebana Biang
It is called Rebana Biang because one of the tambourines is large. Rebana Biang consists of three tambourines. The small one with a diameter of 30 cm is named Gendang. The medium-sized one with a diameter of 60 cm is named Kotek. The largest with a diameter of 60-80 cm is named Biang. Because of its large shape, the Rebana Biang is difficult to hold. To play it the players sit while holding the tambourine.
In performing a song, the three tambourines have their own functions. The gong works. The drum is beaten regularly to fill the rhythm of the punches between the ringleaders. Kotek is more about improvisation and Kotek players are usually the most proficient. Initially this tambourine was born related to tarekat activities. The songs include Allahu-Ah, Robbuna Salun, Allah Aisa, Allahu Sailillah, Alfasah, Dul Sayiduna, Dul Laila, and others.
Tambourine Ketimpring
Tambourine Ketimpring the smallest type of tambourine. The diameter is only 20 to 25 cm. In one group there are three tambourines. The three tambourines have names, namely tambourine three, tambourine four, and tambourine five. Tambourine five serves as a commando. As a command, tambourine five flanked by tambourine three and tambourine four. There are two kinds of Tambourines. First Rebana Ngarak. Second Rebana Maulid.
As the name implies, Rebana Ngarak functions to parading in a procession. Rebana Ngarak usually parading the groom to the bride’s house. The lyrics of the song Rebana Ngarak are usually prayers. The shalawat poem is taken from the book of Maulid Syarafal Anam, Addibai, or Diiwan Hadroh. Because of the function of parading, Rebana Ngarak is not static in one place.
Tambourine Hadro
The Hadro tambourine measures 25 cm – 35 cm. Bigger than a ketimpring tambourine. Three pairs of metal circles are attached to the wooden kelongkongan to function as kecrek. This tambourine serves as entertainment. This tambourine consists of three instruments whose positions and functions are somewhat similar, namely: Bawa (functions as a commando), Odd/Seling (accompanist), and Gedug (accompanist). Bawa, which functions as a command for the rhythm of the stroke, is tighter, Odd/Seling, which is filled with Bawa and Gedug, whose function is similar to bass.
What is unique about the Hadro Rebana tradition is the Adu Zikir, which is a competition to memorize Diwan Hadro’s poems and other Maulid books.
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