The beginning
Bootstrap, originally named Twitter Blueprint, was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at Twitter as a framework to encourage consistency across appropriate internal devices. Prior to Bootstrap, various libraries were already widely used for interface development, leading to inconsistencies and a heavy maintenance burden. After several months of development by a small group, many developers on Twitter began contributing to the project as part of Hack Week, a hackathon-style week for the Twitter development team. It was renamed from Twitter Blueprint to Bootstrap, and was released as an open source project on August 19, 2011. It is maintained by Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and a small group of core developers, as well as a large community of contributors.
Bootstrap 2 and 3
On January 31, 2012, Bootstrap 2 was released, which added a responsive twelve-column grid layout system, built-in support for Glyphicons, several new components, and changes to some of the existing components.
On August 19, 2013, Bootstrap 3 was released, which redesigned its components to use a flat design, and a mobile-first approach.
Bootstrap 4
On October 29, 2014, Mark Otto announced that Bootstrap 4 was in development. The first alpha version of Bootstrap 4 was released on August 19, 2015. On September 6, 2016, Mark stopped working on Bootstrap 3 in order to free up time for work on Bootstrap 4. So far, more than 17,500 commits have been made to the Bootstrap 4 codebase. The first beta was released on August 10, 2017.
The stable version of Bootstrap 4 which was released on January 18 2018,[12] the majority is a rewrite of Bootstrap 3. Significant changes include:
- The switch from Less to Sass.
- Relaunch for css normalization.
- Removed support for IE8, IE9, and iOS 6 web browsers.
- Added flexbox support and removed non-flexbox component support.
- Added navigation options customization.
- Added utility for responsive space and size provision.
- Switch from pixels to em.
- Increase the global font size from 14px to 16px.
- Removes panels, loops, and also components that support the cards element.
- Removed the Glyphicons icon font.
- Removed the pager component (pager).
- Added a large number of “class” utilities.
- Improved form design.
- Fixed buttons and dropdowns.
- Fixed media objects and “classes” for images.
- Rewrite almost all components, jQuery plugins and documentation.
Bootstrap 5
Bootstrap 5 is the upcoming new version of Bootstrap. Major changes include:
- Removed jQuery from the component and used vanilla JavaScript.
- Rewritten the grid component to support out-of-row columns and responsive gutters.
- Migration of documentation software from Jekyll to Hugo.
- Removed IE10 web browser support.
- Moved testing infrastructure from QUnit to Jasmine.
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