Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar system. The Planet has the great red spot is called Jupiter because he is the patron deities of the Roman empire. Jupiter becomes very important when in the year 1610, Galileo Galilei direct the telescope and observe the four natural satellite of the first that surrounds the planet, and marks the first discovery of celestial bodies that surround the object in addition to the Earth.
Andi Pangerang, Researchers Science and Space Center, National aeronautics and Space Agency (LAPAN), say astronomers recognize Jupiter as the largest planet in the Solar system long before the mission the exploration of outer space using a spacecraft launched.
The Planet’s diameter 142.984 km or almost 11 times the diameter of Earth, so Jupiter can load 1.321 the Earth the same size. The mass of the planet is 2.5 times of the total mass of the eight planets including the Earth. This is what makes Jupiter to be the objects of the sky the most dominant second after the Sun.
Jupiter is just one example of the gas giant planets in the Solar system. The surface of Jupiter is not solid as the Earth. The core of the planet is composed of small rocks that are enclosed in the shell of metallic hydrogen and surrounded by liquid hydrogen.
Andi explained, liquid hydrogen is then enveloped by the hydrogen gas with the ratio between the hydrogen and helium of 90 : 10. Overall, the ratio of the mass of hydrogen and helium in the planet Jupiter by 73 : 24. This ratio is similar to the Sun which is the ratio of the overall mass of the hydrogen and helium of 71 : 27.
The density of the mass of Jupiter is also similar to the Sun. Jupiter contains of 1.33 grams each cubic centimeter of volume while the Sun contains a 1.41 grams each cubic centimeter of volume.
“Compare that with a Earth that is more dense than the Jupiter and the Sun, containing 5,51 grams each cubic centimeter of volume,” said Andi.
On the basis of this is the Jupiter is often considered as failed stars. However, Andi explains that the stars and planets are born of two mechanisms that much different. A star was born when the material is very solid in molecular clouds between the stars begin to collapse under their own gravity.
Jupiter in the Closest Distance to the Collapse of a cloud of gas and dust is causing this material to spin and draw in more material other than the clouds around it so as to create the disc accretion of stars.
“With increasing mass and also gravity, the core of a star that is still very young experience the pressure is very large so that the core of a star is becoming increasingly hot and very compact. This is where thermonuclear fusion reactions begin. After the star finished mengakresi the material around him, a lot of disc accretion left. This is where the planets formed,” said Andi.
Astronomers think that Jupiter is derived from the accretion of grains protoplanet (pebble accretion), which started from a small granules of rocks ice and dust in the disc. When these granules surrounding the stars which is still very young, the grains began to collide and attraction due to the style of static electricity. These granules then form a clot large enough with a mass of 10 times the mass of Earth.
Therefore, the granules can pull the gas in the perimeter of the disc. “Since that time, Jupiter develops gradually until its mass reaches as of this moment, 318 times the mass of Earth or one-thousandth the mass of the Sun,” said Andi. Andi continued, when Jupiter finished pulling the material around him, and the mass needed is still far enough away to form the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen, Jupiter stopped growing.
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