Javanese script, also known as Hanacaraka, Carakan, or Dentawyanjana, is one of the traditional Indonesian scripts that developed on the island of Java.
History of Javanese characters
The origin of Javanese script is closely related to the legend of Ajisaka, a powerful young man from Majethi with his two loyal retainers, namely Dora and Sembada. These two servants are both loyal and powerful. … He ordered not to hand over the heirloom to anyone, except for Ajisaka himself.
Java script creator
The first version is the most widely believed hereditary. The creator of Javanese letters is Aji Saka.
Who is aji saka?
It is said that Aji Saka came from Bumi Majeti. Bumi Majeti itself is a mythological middle of nowhere, but some interpret that Aji Saka comes from Jambudwipa (India) from the Shaka (Scythia) tribe, that’s why he was named Aji Saka (King Shaka).
Javanese script media
Throughout its history, Javanese script was written in a number of media that changed over time. The Kawi script, which is the ancestor of the Javanese script, is commonly found in the form of stone inscriptions and metal plates. Kawi’s daily writings are written using lontar media, namely palm tal leaves (Borassus flabellifer, also called palm siwalan) which have been processed in such a way that they can be written on. The lontar sheets are rectangular in shape with a width of about 2.8 to 4 cm and a length that varies from 20 to 80 cm. Each lontar sheet can contain only a few lines of writing, generally about four lines, which are stroked horizontally with a small knife and then blackened with soot to improve legibility. This medium has a long track record of usage throughout South and Southeast Asia.
In the 13th century, paper was introduced in the archipelago, this was related to the spread of Islam whose writing tradition was supported by the use of paper and codex book formats. When Java began to receive significant Islamic influence in the 15th century, as the Kawi script began to transition into the modern Javanese script, paper became more common in Java and the use of lontar only persisted in a few places. There are two types of paper commonly found in Javanese scripts: locally produced paper called daluang, and imported paper. Daluang (Javanese: dluwang) is paper made from the bark of the saéh tree (Broussonetia papyrifera, also called the glugu tree). Visually, daluang is quite easy to distinguish from plain paper by its distinctive brown color and fibrous appearance. A carefully crafted daluang will have a smooth and durable surface from various forms of degradation (especially insects), while a poor daluang will have an uneven surface and be easily damaged. Daluang is commonly used in manuscripts written in Javanese palaces and pesantren between the 16th and 17th centuries.
Most of the imported paper used in the Nusantara manuscripts was imported from Europe. At first, European paper was only used by a small number of Javanese scribes because of its high price – paper made using European techniques at that time could only be imported in limited quantities. In everyday colonial administration, the use of European paper needed to be supplemented with Javanese daluang paper and Chinese imported paper at least until the 19th century. As the number of imported papers increased and deliveries became more frequent, scribes in the courts and urban settlements increasingly chose European paper as their primary writing medium, while daluang were increasingly associated with manuscripts produced in pesantren and villages. Along with the increasing import of European paper, Javanese script printing technology was also pioneered by a number of European leaders and began to be widely used in 1825. With the printing technology, Javanese script materials could be reproduced en masse and became commonplace in various aspects of pre-Javanese life. -independence, such as letters, books, newspapers, magazines, to pamphlets, advertisements, and paper money.
The difference between Javanese script and Balinese script
• Javanese alphabet
Basically (the Carakan script) consists of 20 letters, including ‘Ha Na Ca Ra Ka Da Ta Sa Wa La Pa Dha Ja Ya Nya Ma Ga Ba Tha Nga’.
The location of the most striking difference is when pronouncing “dha” and “tha”. Javanese script has differences in pronouncing “da” with “dha”, as well as in pronouncing “ta” with “tha”.
Javanese script uses Murdha script to write capital letters.
• Balinese script
The Balinese script will write loanwords from ancient Sanskrit and Javanese with the Murdha script different from the Dantya script although there is no difference in pronunciation.
The Balinese script has 47 characters, 14 of which are vowels (sound characters). There are 33 consonant letters (wianjana script). The Balinese wianjana script commonly used is 18 characters, including ‘Ha Na Ca Ra Ka Da Ta Sa Wa La Pa Ja Ya Nya Ma Ga Ba Nga’.
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