A year in Space Make the Astronaut Added Old or Young?

Everyday LIFE in the International Space Station took place quickly. Very fast. Glides on with a speed of about 27,000 kilometers per hour, 480 kilometers above the Earth, each “day” of the astronauts watched the sun rise and set 16 times while hovering in a box with a handful of people that they rely on to survive.

You do not need to bother anymore to imagine what it’s like to live in outer space, because there are Hollywood movies like “The Martian,” “Gravity “and” Interstellar“ with a futuristic vision of life beyond Earth as we venture further and deeper into space.

But what about the response of the human body to space flight? Will the explorers of the space age on a different level than we are on Earth? How easily we adapt to the environment of outer space?

Of course this is so its own concerns for NASA. How to travel space and long-term mission to change the human body, and whether the change is permanent or can be turned so the astronauts back to Earth, is largely unknown.

The opportunity to dig up interesting questions emerge from the astronauts identical twins, Scott and Mark Kelly. In November 2012, NASA chose astronaut Scott Kelly to a one-year mission first.

At a press conference not long after that, Scott hinted that this mission might give him the opportunity to compare the impact of living in space on his body with the body of his twin brother who lives in the Earth, Mark Kelly, also an astronaut and a former test pilot for the Navy.

Remarkably, the twins Kelly are individuals who are similar from the side of the “innate (genetic) and nurture (environment)”. So, the experiment is perfect is compiled with the “twins of space and Earth’s twin” as the star.

Scott spent a year in space on the International Space Station, while the twin brother of its identical relation, Mark, remained on Earth.

Research NASA TWINS is the observation of the most comprehensive top of the response of the human body to space flight ever undertaken. The results of this research will be used as a guide to research upcoming and approach that is personalized to evaluate the effect of the health of the astronauts of the individual in the future.

 As a cancer biologist at Colorado State University, I study the impact of radiation exposure on human cells. As part of the research of TWINS, I am very interested to evaluate how the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres (telomere), amended by the space within a year.

The day before the astronauts Scott Kelly reached six months in space, he spoke directly from the International Space Station by John Hughs (left), his twin brother Michael Kelly, and Astronauts Terry Virts (right).NASA/Bill Ingalls

Separating the effects of health on the life of the outer space

NASA announced and choose 10 investigation of peer-review (peer review) from across the country to research the TWINS. His research including the steps of molecular, physiological and behavior, and for the first time in astronauts, the study-based “omics”.

Some of the team evaluating the impact of the genome-the entire complement of DNA in a cell (genomics). The other team examine which genes are turned on and produces a molecule called mRNA (transkriptomik).

 Some research focuses on how chemical modifications – which does not change the DNA to affect gene regulation (epigenomik). Some researchers explore the proteins produced in the cell (proteomics), while others examined the metabolic products (metabolomik).

There is also research that examines how the environment of outer space might change the microbiome – the collection of bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in and outside of our body.

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