Cases of tuberculosis or TB in Indonesia are still high. TB is a disease that is transmitted through droplets or splashes of saliva. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, bacteria fly into the air and can hit healthy people.
Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and most commonly attacks the lungs. These germs can spread through the air from one person to another. For example, when the sufferer coughs, talks, laughs, sings, or sneezes.
TB is divided into two types, namely latent TB and active TB. In latent TB, you have TB infection, but the bacteria in your body are inactive and do not cause symptoms. Latent TB is not contagious.
Because latent TB can turn into active TB, treatment is still important to help control the spread of TB. About a third of the world’s population is known to have latent TB.
While active TB, this condition makes you really sick and can pass it on to other people. Initial signs and symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, etc.) may be mild for months.
This is what often makes the sufferer unconscious, and then it is too late to seek treatment.
TB can be cured or not, depending on this
Both latent TB infection and active TB disease are treated with antibiotics. Treatment lasts at least six months because antibiotics work only when bacteria are actively dividing, and the bacteria that cause tuberculosis grow very slowly.
While latent TB infection can be treated with only one antibiotic, active TB disease must be treated with several antibiotics at a time.
Once treatment is started, people with active TB will feel better after about two to four weeks. Nevertheless, treatment should be continued for at least six months. It is important for people with active TB to take their medicine regularly, on time, and as recommended by their doctor.
The entire course of antibiotics must also be completed to completely cure active TB. Otherwise, the TB bacteria can reappear, this time in a more “resilient” form that is much more difficult to treat.
In addition, people with active TB may need to be hospitalized to prevent them from spreading the disease. During the treatment period, the doctor will also monitor with blood tests to check the liver, sputum tests to see if the bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics taken, and chest X-rays.
Although people with TB can recover completely, TB bacteria die very slowly. This is what makes the drug must be consumed for months. Even when people start to feel better, they can still have live bacteria in their bodies. So, the person must continue to take the medication until all the bacteria die.
How to Prevent TB?
The main step to prevent TB is to carry out the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccination. In Indonesia, this vaccine is included in the list of mandatory immunizations. The BCG vaccine is only recommended for infants, children, and adults under 35 years of age who are considered to be at risk of developing TB.
Those who have a high risk of contracting TB are medical workers who frequently come into contact with blood and urine samples, veterinarians, prison staff who work directly with prisoners, workers for the homeless, and health care workers for people with TB.
In addition to vaccination as a preventive step, you can apply a healthy lifestyle to avoid TB disease. If you have the intention of building a house, make sure that your house has windows and ventilation, to make it easier for sunlight to enter.
Make sure you don’t spit anywhere. Get used to wearing a mask, especially if you are coughing or sneezing. You can also apply cough etiquette, which is covering with the inside of the elbow. Anyone can be at risk for TB, but by adopting a healthy lifestyle, it is hoped that it can prevent exposure to TB bacteria
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