Do you know what mental illness is? What are the symptoms and types? Come on! see the following explanation so you are not confused.
Mental conditions are the basis of emotions that affect daily activities, including ways of thinking, communicating, learning, psychological resilience and self-confidence. When a person experiences mental stress that is very disturbing so that it hinders activities, then this condition can be considered a mental illness.
Mental illness or also called mental health disorders is a term that refers to various conditions that affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, moods, or behavior making it difficult to socialize and carry out activities. This condition can occur only occasionally or last for a long time.
Symptoms of Mental Illness
Symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disease and its severity. These symptoms can come from disturbances in the emotions, thoughts, or behavior of the sufferer.
The following are some examples of symptoms of mental illness in general:
Sad for a long time
Difficulty thinking or reduced ability to concentrate
Excessive fear, worry, or guilt
Extreme mood swings
Withdrawal from the social environment
Prolonged fatigue
Changes in sleep patterns
Inability to cope with everyday problems
Difficulty understanding situations or other people
Big changes in eating habits
Addiction to alcohol or illegal drugs
Having thoughts of suicide
Changes in sex drive or desire
Excessive anger that leads to violence
Hallucinating or delusional
In addition to the symptoms above, people who suffer from mental illness can also feel physical symptoms, such as stomach pain, back pain, or headaches. Symptoms like this are called psychosomatic symptoms.
Causes and Risk Factors of Mental Illness
Until now, the cause of mental illness is not known with certainty. However, mental illness can be influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The following are examples:
- Biological factors :
- Disorders of nerve cell function in the brain, for example due to a stroke
- Family history of mental illness
- Infection
- Thyroid gland disorders
- Brain disability or injury
- Alcohol consumption and drug abuse
- Malnutrition
- Environmental factor :
- Loss of loved ones, such as parents and spouse
- Disharmonious family life
- Moving to a new environment, such as a workplace or school
- Stigma or negative label that is not true from society
- A pandemic or disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic
- Psychological factors :
- Traumatic events, such as sexual harassment, domestic violence, or accidents
- Difficulty getting along with other people
- Lonely and isolated
Types of Mental Illness
There are so many types of mental illness, what are they?
- Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are one of the most common types of mental illness. This disorder can make sufferers feel afraid or threatened when dealing with certain objects or situations
- ADHD
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common type of mental illness in children and can continue into adulthood. People with ADHD tend to be hyperactive and have difficulty maintaining focus on one thing.
- Depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes sufferers to feel sad all the time. Unlike ordinary sadness that lasts for a few days, feelings of sadness in depression can last for weeks or months.
- Skizofrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that causes complaints of hallucinations, delusions, and confusion in thinking and behaving. Schizophrenia makes the sufferer unable to distinguish between reality and his own mind.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
It is a disorder that occurs after a person has experienced a traumatic event, such as abuse, war, natural disaster, or a serious accident. This disorder can make sufferers continue to feel fear and stress because of the thought of a traumatic event, even long after the event has ended.
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