For example, your android device is equipped with a camera. The Android kernel contains a camera driver that allows users to send commands to the camera hardware. The next level of this stack is the library, which is a series of instructions to the smartphone that contains how to handle different data. For example, the media framework library on Android supports playback and recording of various audio, video, and image formats.
Housed on the same level as the libraries is the runtime layer which includes the core set of Java libraries. With it, programmers can develop applications for Android using the Java programming language. The next layer is the application framework, which includes programs to manage the basic functions of smartphones.
The application framework is a set of basic tools such as smartphone resource allocation, phone applications, switching between processes or programs, and tracking the phone’s physical location. Application developers have full access to these basic tools, and use them to create more complex applications.
Google’s Android operating system on mobile phones is still relatively new, but the Android operating system has developed quite rapidly. Created as a rival to iOS, Android shows a significant graph of development, of course it can’t be separated from the support of major mobile phone manufacturers who also contribute to bringing phones with the Android operating system.
1. Linux Kernel
Android is built on top of the Linux 2.6 kernel. But overall android is not linux, because in android there is no standard package that is owned by other linux. Linux is an open operating system that is reliable in memory and process management. Therefore on Android there are only a few services that are needed such as security, memory management, process management, network and drivers. Linux kernel provides screen, camera, keypad, WiFi, Flash Memory, audio, and IPC (Interprocess Communication) drivers to manage applications and security holes.
2. Libraries
Android uses several library packages contained in C/C++ with the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) standard only half of the original to be embedded in the Linux kernel. Some of the libraries include:
- Media Library
- Surface Manager
- Graphic Library
- SQLite
- • SSl dan WebKit
These libraries are not applications that run alone, but can only be used by programs that are at the top level. Since Android version 1.5, developers can create and deploy their own libraries using the Native Development Toolkit (NDK).
3. Android Runtime
In android embedded core library package which provides most of android functionality. This is what distinguishes Android from other operating systems that also implement Linux. Android Runtime is a virtual machine that makes android applications more robust with existing library packages
4. Application Framework
The application framework provides classes that can be used to develop android applications. In addition, it also provides a generic abstraction for accessing devices, as well as managing the appearance of the user interface and application resources. The most important parts in the android application framework are as follows
- Activity Manager
- Content Providers
- Resuource Manager
- Location Manager
- Notification Manager
5. Application Layer
The highlight of the android architecture diagram is the application layer and widgets. The application layer is the layer that is most visible to the user when running the program. Users will only see the program when it is used without knowing the processes that occur behind the application layer. This layer runs within the Android runtime using the classes and services available in the application framework.
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