What is Public IP?
Public IP is the IP address received by your home or office router from the ISP where you subscribe to the internet.
The IP address is used by the ISP to forward internet data packets to your home or office, this is like when a packager delivers your ordered package based on the home address you provide.
Try to think that the public IP address that you have is like the address you generally have, such as an email address, home address, all of which are different for each person.
That’s the reason why package senders/email senders never stray because there is no other in this world and only you have them.
The same working principle is applied to your Public IP address so that data packets are sent to your network not to others.
When IPv4 was created and used by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) in 1970, there was no public IP and private IP, this is because the number of computers at that time was still small.
At that time, 32bit binary number addresses were used as IPv4 for network devices and computers. With 32bit IPv4 4,294,967,296 unique IPs were obtained, this was a very large number at that time and more than enough.
In the early 1990s the growth of the world of computers and networks was very rapid, while IP allocation at that time did not exist.
The idea was realized in the issue of RFC 1918 which contains a row of IPs that must be used for Local Network / internal network devices.
Can’t Carelessly Use Public IP
The allocation of public IP addresses is regulated by an organization called the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
IANA is responsible for allocating IP addresses (either IPv4 or IPv6), allocating special IPs for Special purposes such as military / research, managing and distributing IP by region / country.
You Can Get Public IP From ISP
Both types of IPv4 and IPv6 are basically allocated in a structured manner. You as a user or organization can get a public IP address from an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
The ISP gets an IP address allocation from the LIR (Local Internet Registry) or the National Internet Registry (NIR) or gets an allocation from the Regional Internet Registry (RIR).
Public IP Commonly Used By Routers and Servers
Public IP directly faces the global internet network, where hackers act so that not just any device is installed with a public IP for security reasons.
In general, public IP is only installed on devices that require a direct internet connection so that these devices can access and be accessed from the internet directly such as routers and servers.
Track Hacker from Public IP trace
Because public IP in its use requires registration before being allocated, Public IP when in WHOIS (a term to see who the IP / Domain is registered with) will appear data from the owner / organization and country holding the public IP.
That’s why the existence of hackers can be known from the traces / IP logs left behind when hacking at the crime scene.
Realizing that IP will run out if it is not regulated, the idea arose to allocate a special IP for local network devices, also known as IPv4 Private addresses.