Mankind has sent about 30 rides and explorers of outer space to the Red Planet since the era of outer space begins. Now we know a number of microbes can survive on it’s way, said geneticist Christopher Mason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When You read this article, a machine amid rolling with difficulty on the surface of Mars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Perseverance – explorers of the size of a car landed safely on the surface of Mars on 18 February this year – maybe can only drove less than 0.1 miles per hour (155 meters\/hour), but he brings a variety of tools, instruments, and experiments that have provided outstanding results for science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Within the body of explorers throughout the three-meter, there is also a machine that can change the air of Mars is thin and rich in carbon dioxide into oxygen, it is also a helicopter the size of a tissue box for the first time do flight controlled on other planets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Helicopter named Ingenuity has managed to do three flights, each time you fly, he is able to stay in the air much higher and longer than ever before.
But, are there other things that ‘ride’ in the hardware explorer this? Could it be bacteria or spores from Earth accidentally transported into outer space and survive to Mars?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NASA and scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has strict protocols and thoroughly to minimize the number of organisms that may accidentally hitch a ride in a space mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Standard internationally agreed guides how strict protocol that must be met, and NASA – in some cases – even beyond expectations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, two recent studies have highlighted how a number of organisms can survive the process of cleansing and also in a trip to Mars, and how quickly species of microbes can evolve in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First of all, let’s start with the process that should be done to build rides Perseverance, and most of the spacecraft that is made in the aircraft assembly facility space (SAF) belongs to the JPL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There, the spacecraft was built layer by layer with very carefully, like layers of an onion. And before another layer is added, all the layers beneath it should be cleaned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This method limits the bacteria, viruses, fungi or spores on tools that will be sent in a mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The spaceship is also built with the room-the room with the air filter and the procedure of biological control is strict. This is designed to ensure that only a few hundred particles that can contaminate each square meter, and ideally no more than a few dozen spores per each square meter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
But, it is almost impossible to make a plane with zero biomass. Microbes have been on Earth for millions of years, and they are everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
They exist in our body, on the surface of our skin, and all around us. Some can even sneak into the room that most clean though.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the past, testing biological contamination rely on the ability to cultivate (or grow) the life of the sample taken from the equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A new method that is now used is to take a particular sample, extract all the DNA, and ‘firing’ sequences against him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This term, as implied, means carrying a rifle and shoot the sample so that it shattered into billions of DNA fragments is small, then sort sekuensnya. Each part can then be mapped back to the genome of the species that already exist in the database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This time we have been able to sort all the DNA in a sterile room. With more comprehensive data, we can map the microbes which live in a sterile, and can survive in the vacuum of space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the sterile room JPL, we find a number of microbes that are potentially problematic for a mission into space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This organism has increased the number of genes to repair their DNA, giving them a greater resistance to radiation. They can form biofilms on the surface of objects and equipment, can survive in a state of drought and thrive in a cold environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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