We must be familiar with the word culture because Indonesia has a variety of cultures scattered throughout its territory. However, do you know the true meaning of the word ‘culture’?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In anthropological studies, culture is considered an abbreviation of ‘culture; so there is no difference based on the definition. However, based on searches from various literatures, there are several definitions of culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In English, is called culture, which etymologically comes from the Latin word Colere, which means to cultivate or work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The word ‘culture’ is also sometimes translated as ‘kultur’ in Indonesian, which has the same meaning as culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The word culture itself is a language that comes from Sanskrit, namely ‘budhayah’ which is a plural form of buddhi which means mind or reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture is a way of life that develops and is shared by groups of people, and is passed down from generation to generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture is made up of many complex elements, including religious systems, politics, customs, tools, language, buildings, clothing, and works of art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture affects many aspects of human life. Over time, culture is complex, abstract, and broad in human civilization. Culture is a pattern or way of life that continues to develop by a group of people and is passed down to the next generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The definition of culture according to Clyde Kluckhohn and William Henderson Kelly in their book The concept of culture is all historically created designs of life, both explicit, implicit, rational, irrational, and non-rational, which exist at certain times as potential guides in human behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E B Taylor, who is also a British anthropologist, defines culture as that complex which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and others acquired by humans as members of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lousie Damen once wrote in her book Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension in the Language Classroom, that culture learns to share patterns or human models to live like the pattern of everyday life. These patterns and models cover all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is the main adaptation mechanism of mankind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist in his book National Cultures and Corporate Cultures. In L.A. Samovar & R.E. Porter (Eds.), Communication Between Cultures that culture is the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As a culture that resides in the area and is studied.
It can be passed on to every person and every group and passed down from every generation.
It is dynamic, meaning a system that changes over time.
It is selective, meaning that it reflects a limited pattern of human experience behavior.
It has interrelated cultural elements.
Ethnocentric, meaning to regard one’s own culture as the best culture or regard other cultures as the standard culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture acts as a set of boundaries, which means that culture creates a difference or what makes an organization unique and distinguishes it from other organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture provides a sense of identity to organizational members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture facilitates the birth of a commitment to something greater than individual interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture increases the stability of the social system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culture acts as a meaning-making and control mechanism that guides and shapes individual attitudes and behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Melville J. Herkovits mentions that culture has four main elements, namely:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tech tools
Economic system
Family
Political power<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bronislaw Malinowski says there are four main elements which include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A system of social norms that allows cooperation between community members to adapt to the natural surroundings.
Economic organization.
Tools and institutions or officers for education (the family is the main educational institution).
Organization of power (politics).
Kluckhohn, suggests that there are seven elements of culture or culture that are universal in nature, namely:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Language.
Knowledge system.
Technology systems and equipment.
art system.
Live livelihood system.
religious system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Based on several cultural elements put forward by experts, it can be concluded that the elements of culture in general are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Certain behaviors.
Fashion style.
Habits.
Customs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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